Sultan Baybars was a prominent leader of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. He is best known for his military prowess and for successfully defending the Islamic world against the Mongol invasions and the Crusaders. His reign lasted from 1260 to 1277, during which he strengthened the Mamluk state and expanded its territories. Baybars was born in 1223 in Bulgaria and was originally a slave before rising to power. He played a crucial role in the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, where the Mamluks defeated the Mongols, marking a significant turning point in history. His leadership and reforms left a lasting impact on the region.