The Mongol invasions were a series of military campaigns initiated by the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. Led by Genghis Khan and his successors, these invasions aimed to expand their territory across Asia and into Europe. The Mongols were known for their highly mobile cavalry and innovative tactics, which allowed them to conquer vast regions quickly. The invasions resulted in the fall of several major cities and empires, including the Khwarezmian Empire and parts of China. The Mongol forces were notorious for their brutality, often employing psychological warfare to instill fear in their enemies. Despite the destruction, the invasions also facilitated trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road.