Sudán is a country located in northeastern Africa, bordered by the Red Sea to the east and the Sahara Desert to the north. It is the third-largest country in Africa and has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, and fertile plains. The capital city is Jartum, situated at the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile rivers. The population of Sudán is ethnically diverse, with various groups including Arabs, Nubians, and Beja. The official languages are Arabic and English. Sudán has a rich history, being home to ancient civilizations such as the Kushites and has experienced significant political and social changes in recent decades.