Subsurface exploration is the process of investigating the ground beneath the Earth's surface to gather information about its composition and structure. This is often done through techniques such as drilling, sampling, and geophysical surveys. The data collected helps in understanding soil and rock properties, which is essential for construction, mining, and environmental assessments. Engineers and geologists use subsurface exploration to identify potential hazards, such as groundwater levels or fault lines, and to determine the suitability of a site for various projects. This exploration is crucial for ensuring safety and efficiency in activities like building foundations and tunneling.