Seismic surveying is a method used to explore the Earth's subsurface by sending sound waves into the ground. These waves bounce back when they hit different layers of rock or soil, creating a picture of what lies beneath. This technique is commonly used in the oil and gas industry to locate potential reserves, but it can also help in mineral exploration and geotechnical studies. The process involves placing sensors, called geophones, on the surface to detect the returning waves. By analyzing the data collected, scientists can understand the structure and composition of the Earth's layers, which is crucial for making informed decisions about resource extraction and construction projects.