Tunneling is a method used to create underground passages or tunnels, often for transportation, utilities, or mining. This process involves excavating soil and rock to form a pathway, which can be straight or curved, depending on its purpose. Tunneling can be done using various techniques, including drilling, blasting, or using specialized machinery like tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Tunnels are commonly used for subways, roadways, and water pipelines. They help reduce surface congestion and protect infrastructure from weather conditions. Tunneling also plays a crucial role in mining, allowing access to valuable resources located deep underground.