Stratigraphic analysis is the study of rock layers, or strata, to understand the geological history of an area. By examining the sequence, composition, and distribution of these layers, geologists can interpret past environments, events, and the age of the rocks. This method is essential for fields like paleontology and archaeology, as it helps identify the chronological order of fossils and artifacts. In stratigraphic analysis, key principles such as superposition and lateral continuity are used. Superposition states that in undisturbed layers, older rocks are found beneath younger ones. Lateral continuity suggests that layers extend horizontally, allowing for correlations between different locations.