Sri Lanka has a rich history that dates back over 2,500 years. The island was known as Ceylon and has been influenced by various cultures, including Buddhism, which was introduced in the 3rd century BCE. The ancient kingdoms of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa were significant centers of power, showcasing advanced irrigation systems and impressive architecture. In the 16th century, European powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, began to colonize the island. Sri Lanka gained independence from British rule in 1948. The country has faced challenges, including a prolonged civil war that lasted from 1983 to 2009, impacting its social and political landscape.