Sri Lanka has a rich history that dates back over 2,500 years. The island was known as Ceylon and was home to ancient civilizations, including the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa kingdoms. These kingdoms are famous for their advanced irrigation systems, impressive architecture, and the introduction of Buddhism, which became a major influence on Sri Lankan culture. Throughout its history, Sri Lanka faced invasions from South Indian kingdoms and European colonizers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. The country gained independence in 1948, leading to a period of political and ethnic tensions, particularly between the Sinhalese and Tamils. This culminated in a civil war that lasted from 1983 to 2009, significantly shaping modern Sri Lankan society.