The spice trade refers to the historical exchange of spices and herbs, which were highly valued for their flavor, preservation, and medicinal properties. Spices like cinnamon, pepper, and nutmeg were sought after in ancient and medieval times, leading to extensive trade routes connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa. This trade significantly influenced global commerce and exploration. European powers, such as Portugal and Spain, sought direct access to spice-producing regions, leading to the discovery of new lands and the establishment of colonial empires. The demand for spices played a crucial role in shaping world history and trade networks.