Soviet agriculture was characterized by state control and collective farming. After the 1917 revolution, the government nationalized land and established collective farms, known as kolkhozes, where farmers worked together. This system aimed to increase productivity and ensure food security, but it often faced challenges such as inefficiency and lack of incentives for individual farmers. During the Stalin era, agricultural policies included forced collectivization, which led to widespread famine, particularly in Ukraine during the Holodomor. Despite these hardships, the Soviet Union invested in agricultural technology and infrastructure, striving to modernize farming practices and increase output to support its growing population.