Sort algorithms are methods used to arrange data in a specific order, typically in ascending or descending sequence. They are essential in computer science for organizing data efficiently, making it easier to search, analyze, and manage. Common types of sort algorithms include Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, and Merge Sort, each with its own approach and efficiency. The performance of sort algorithms is often measured by their time complexity, which indicates how the execution time grows with the size of the input data. Understanding these algorithms helps developers choose the most suitable one for their specific needs, optimizing both speed and resource usage in applications.