Merge Sort is a popular sorting algorithm that uses the divide and conquer technique to sort elements efficiently. It works by dividing an array into smaller subarrays, sorting those subarrays, and then merging them back together in a sorted manner. This method ensures that the overall time complexity remains O(n log n), making it suitable for large datasets. The algorithm begins by splitting the array into halves until each subarray contains a single element. Then, it merges these subarrays back together, comparing elements and arranging them in order. This systematic approach allows Merge Sort to maintain stability and efficiency, especially in linked lists and large arrays.