Soil pollution occurs when harmful substances, such as chemicals and waste, contaminate the land. This can happen through various activities, including industrial processes, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal. Common pollutants include heavy metals, pesticides, and plastics, which can degrade soil quality and harm plant growth. The effects of soil pollution can be severe, impacting not only the environment but also human health. Contaminated soil can lead to reduced crop yields and can introduce toxins into the food chain. Addressing soil pollution requires effective management practices and regulations to protect ecosystems and ensure safe food production.