Contaminated land refers to areas where the soil, water, or air has been polluted by harmful substances, often due to industrial activities, waste disposal, or accidents. These contaminants can include heavy metals, chemicals, and biological agents that pose risks to human health and the environment. Identifying and managing contaminated land is crucial for ensuring safe use of the land and protecting surrounding ecosystems. Cleanup and remediation of contaminated land involve various techniques to remove or neutralize pollutants. This process may include soil excavation, chemical treatment, or natural attenuation. Regulatory agencies often oversee these efforts to ensure compliance with environmental standards and to restore the land for future use, such as residential or commercial development.