Soil remediation is the process of cleaning up and restoring contaminated soil to make it safe for plants, animals, and humans. Contamination can occur due to various factors, such as industrial activities, agricultural chemicals, or waste disposal. The goal of soil remediation is to remove or neutralize harmful substances, ensuring that the soil can support healthy ecosystems and agricultural practices. There are several methods of soil remediation, including bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to break down pollutants, and excavation, where contaminated soil is physically removed and treated. Other techniques, like phytoremediation, involve using plants to absorb or stabilize contaminants. Each method is chosen based on the type and extent of contamination.