Soil Organic Matter (SOM) refers to the organic component of soil, consisting of decomposed plant and animal materials, microorganisms, and their byproducts. It plays a crucial role in maintaining soil health by improving its structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. SOM is essential for supporting plant growth and sustaining ecosystems. The presence of Soil Organic Matter enhances soil fertility and promotes biodiversity by providing habitat for various organisms. It also helps in carbon sequestration, which is vital for mitigating climate change. Overall, SOM is a key factor in ensuring productive and resilient agricultural systems.