Soil properties refer to the characteristics that define the quality and behavior of soil. These properties include texture, structure, color, and moisture content. Soil texture is determined by the proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles, which affects water retention and nutrient availability. Soil structure describes how soil particles are arranged, influencing aeration and root growth. Another important aspect of soil properties is pH, which measures the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. This affects nutrient availability for plants. Additionally, organic matter content plays a crucial role in soil fertility, as it enhances nutrient retention and supports microbial activity, contributing to a healthy ecosystem.