Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants for their growth and development. It is influenced by factors such as the presence of organic matter, minerals, and microorganisms. Fertile soil typically contains a balanced mix of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are crucial for healthy plant life. Maintaining soil fertility is important for sustainable agriculture and food production. Practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and the use of organic fertilizers can enhance soil health. Additionally, understanding the soil's pH and texture helps farmers manage fertility effectively, ensuring that crops receive the nutrients they need to thrive.