Soil nematodes are tiny, unsegmented roundworms found in various soil types around the world. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients, which helps plants grow. Most nematodes are beneficial, feeding on bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. However, some soil nematodes can be harmful to crops, causing diseases and reducing agricultural yields. These plant-parasitic nematodes invade roots and disrupt the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Understanding the balance between beneficial and harmful nematodes is essential for sustainable agriculture and soil health management.