A soil horizon is a distinct layer of soil that has different physical and chemical properties compared to the layers above and below it. These layers form as a result of various processes, including weathering, organic matter decomposition, and the movement of water. Soil horizons are typically categorized into different types, such as the O horizon (organic matter), A horizon (topsoil), E horizon (eluviation), B horizon (subsoil), and C horizon (parent material). Each soil horizon plays a crucial role in supporting plant life and maintaining ecosystem health. The A horizon, for example, is rich in nutrients and organic material, making it vital for plant growth. Understanding soil horizons helps scientists and farmers manage soil health, improve agricultural practices, and conserve natural resources effectively.