Soil composition refers to the various materials that make up soil, including minerals, organic matter, water, and air. The primary components are minerals, which come from the weathering of rocks, and organic matter, which consists of decomposed plants and animals. These elements work together to create a habitat for living organisms and support plant growth. The balance of these components can vary widely depending on the location and environmental conditions. For example, sandy soils have larger particles and drain quickly, while clay soils have smaller particles and retain water. Understanding soil composition is essential for agriculture, gardening, and environmental conservation.