The Sistan Basin is a large, arid region located in southeastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan. It is characterized by its unique geography, which includes deserts, wetlands, and the Helmand River. The basin is known for its harsh climate, with very little rainfall and extreme temperatures, making it a challenging environment for both people and wildlife. The basin is home to the Hamoun wetlands, an important ecological area that supports various species of birds and fish. Despite its aridity, the Sistan Basin has a rich cultural history, influenced by the ancient civilizations that once thrived in the region. Today, it faces environmental challenges, including water scarcity and desertification.