Simon Bar Kokhba was a Jewish leader who led a major revolt against the Roman Empire from 132 to 135 CE. This uprising, known as the Bar Kokhba Revolt, aimed to establish an independent Jewish state in Judea. Bar Kokhba was initially successful, capturing Jerusalem and establishing a short-lived government. The revolt ultimately failed, resulting in significant loss of life and the destruction of many Jewish communities. Following the defeat, the Romans imposed harsh measures, including the renaming of Judea to Syria Palaestina and the banning of Jews from Jerusalem. Bar Kokhba remains a symbol of Jewish resistance and nationalism.