The Bar Kokhba Revolt was a major Jewish uprising against the Roman Empire that took place from 132 to 136 CE. Led by Simon Bar Kokhba, the revolt aimed to establish an independent Jewish state in Judea after years of Roman oppression. The conflict was marked by initial successes for the Jewish forces, who managed to capture several key locations. However, the revolt ultimately ended in defeat for the Jewish rebels. The Romans responded with overwhelming military force, leading to significant loss of life and destruction. The aftermath resulted in harsh Roman reprisals, including the renaming of Judea to Syria Palaestina and the expulsion of many Jews from the region.