Sialolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of stones, or calculi, in the salivary glands. These stones can block the flow of saliva, leading to swelling, pain, and infection in the affected gland. The most commonly affected gland is the submandibular gland, but stones can also occur in the parotid gland and sublingual gland. The exact cause of sialolithiasis is not always clear, but factors such as dehydration, reduced saliva production, and certain medications can contribute to stone formation. Treatment options may include hydration, massage of the gland, or in some cases, surgical removal of the stone.