Short division is a method used to divide larger numbers by smaller ones, simplifying the process. It involves breaking down the division into manageable steps, where the divisor is placed outside the division bracket and the dividend inside. The result is calculated digit by digit, starting from the leftmost digit of the dividend. This technique is particularly useful for dividing numbers that do not require long division, making it quicker and easier. Short division is often taught in elementary mathematics, helping students understand the concept of division without the complexity of remainders or multiple steps, which are common in long division.