Long division is a method used to divide larger numbers into smaller parts. It involves breaking down the division process into manageable steps, making it easier to find the quotient. The process includes dividing, multiplying, subtracting, and bringing down the next digit until all digits have been processed. In long division, the dividend is the number being divided, while the divisor is the number you are dividing by. The result of the division is called the quotient. This technique is useful for dividing numbers that cannot be easily divided in one step, such as when working with larger integers or decimals.