Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of naturally occurring compounds found in various plants, particularly in the Asteraceae family. They are characterized by a unique chemical structure that includes a lactone ring and a sesquiterpene backbone, which typically consists of 15 carbon atoms. These compounds often contribute to the plants' aroma and flavor and can have various biological activities. Many sesquiterpene lactones possess medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. They are studied for their potential therapeutic applications and are also used in traditional medicine in various cultures. Their diverse functions make them an important area of research in both pharmacology and botany.