Plant secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by plants that are not directly involved in their growth, development, or reproduction. These compounds play crucial roles in plant defense against herbivores, pathogens, and competition from other plants. Examples include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which can have various effects on other organisms. In addition to their protective functions, secondary metabolites often have significant ecological and economic importance. They can attract pollinators, aid in seed dispersal, and are used in traditional medicine and modern pharmaceuticals. Many herbal remedies and essential oils derive their properties from these secondary metabolites, highlighting their value in human health and industry.