Senusret II was a pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, ruling during the 12th Dynasty around 1897 to 1878 BCE. He is known for his contributions to architecture and agriculture, particularly the development of the Fayum region, which became a vital area for farming and irrigation. His reign is marked by stability and prosperity, with significant building projects, including the construction of temples and fortifications. Senusret II also promoted trade and mining, enhancing Egypt's wealth and influence during his time. His legacy is reflected in the advancements made in art and culture during the Middle Kingdom.