Semiconductor physics is the study of materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators. These materials, such as silicon and germanium, are essential in modern electronics. Their unique properties allow them to conduct electricity under certain conditions, making them ideal for devices like transistors and diodes. The behavior of semiconductors is influenced by factors like temperature and impurities, which can enhance or reduce their conductivity. This field is crucial for understanding how devices like integrated circuits and solar cells function, as well as for developing new technologies in electronics and telecommunications.