The Seljuk Sultanate was a medieval Turkish state that emerged in the 11th century, primarily in the regions of modern-day Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. Founded by the Seljuk Turks, it played a significant role in the spread of Islam and the establishment of Turkic culture in the Middle East. The Seljuks are known for their military conquests and for fostering trade and cultural exchanges along the Silk Road. At its height, the Seljuk Sultanate controlled vast territories, including the important city of Baghdad. The sultans were influential in promoting Persian culture and language, which became prominent in administration and literature. The dynasty eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, paving the way for the rise of the Ottoman Empire.