Geotechnical studies are investigations that focus on understanding the physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock materials. These studies are essential for assessing the suitability of a site for construction projects, such as buildings, bridges, and roads. By analyzing soil composition, strength, and stability, engineers can determine how to design foundations and other structures to ensure safety and durability. The process typically involves collecting soil samples, conducting laboratory tests, and performing in-situ tests like Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) or Cone Penetration Tests (CPT). The results help identify potential issues, such as landslides or settlement, allowing for informed decision-making in engineering and construction practices.