Seismic joints are flexible gaps or spaces in a building's structure designed to absorb and dissipate energy during an earthquake. They allow different parts of a structure to move independently, reducing stress and potential damage. These joints are crucial in areas prone to seismic activity, as they help maintain the integrity of the building. Typically made from materials like rubber or metal, seismic joints are strategically placed in walls, floors, and roofs. They are part of a broader engineering approach known as seismic design, which aims to enhance the safety and resilience of structures against earthquakes.