The Second Republic of Armenia refers to the independent state that existed from 1991 until 1995, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It emerged after the first Republic of Armenia, which existed from 1918 to 1920. The Second Republic was established when Armenia declared independence on September 21, 1991, and aimed to build a democratic society and a market economy. During its early years, the Second Republic faced significant challenges, including economic difficulties and the ongoing conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh with Azerbaijan. The government worked to stabilize the country and establish international relations, leading to Armenia's membership in various organizations, including the United Nations.