The Second Mexican Empire was a short-lived monarchy that existed from 1864 to 1867 in Mexico. It was established when Napoleon III of France supported Archduke Maximilian of Austria to become the emperor. The empire aimed to create a stable government in Mexico amid political turmoil and civil war. Maximilian's reign faced significant opposition from Mexican republicans, led by Benito Juárez. Despite initial support, the empire struggled with financial issues and resistance. Ultimately, the French withdrew their troops, leading to Maximilian's capture and execution in 1867, marking the end of the empire and the restoration of the Mexican Republic.