Maximilian I of Mexico was an Austrian archduke who became the Emperor of Mexico from 1864 to 1867. He was appointed by Napoleon III of France during a time of political instability in Mexico. Maximilian aimed to establish a European-style monarchy in the country, but his reign faced significant opposition from Mexican republicans. Despite initial support, Maximilian's rule was challenged by leaders like Benito Juárez, who fought for Mexican sovereignty. In 1867, after the withdrawal of French troops, Maximilian was captured and executed, marking the end of his short-lived empire and the restoration of the Mexican Republic.