The First Mexican Empire was established in 1821 after Mexico gained independence from Spain. It was a short-lived monarchy that lasted until 1823, with Agustín de Iturbide as its first emperor. The empire aimed to unify the diverse regions of Mexico and create a stable government following years of colonial rule. The empire faced numerous challenges, including political instability and opposition from republicans who favored a democratic government. In 1823, Iturbide was overthrown, leading to the establishment of the First Mexican Republic. This transition marked a significant shift in Mexico's political landscape, moving away from monarchy towards republicanism.