The Second English Civil War (1648-1649) was a conflict between the forces loyal to the monarchy, led by King Charles I, and the Parliamentarians, who sought to limit the king's power. This war followed the first civil war and was marked by a series of battles, including the significant Battle of Preston. The Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, aimed to secure their control over England. The war ended with the defeat of the royalist forces and the eventual capture of Charles I. His trial and execution in January 1649 marked a pivotal moment in English history, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth under Cromwell's leadership.