King Charles I was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born on November 19, 1600, and was the second son of King James I. Charles believed in the divine right of kings, which led to conflicts with Parliament over issues of governance and taxation. His reign was marked by civil war, known as the English Civil War, between his supporters, the Royalists, and the Parliamentarians. After being defeated, he was tried for treason and executed on January 30, 1649, making him the first English monarch to be publicly tried and executed.