The English Civil Wars were a series of conflicts between 1642 and 1651, primarily fought between the supporters of the monarchy, known as the Royalists, and those who supported Parliament, called the Parliamentarians. The wars arose from political, social, and economic tensions, particularly over issues of governance and authority. The conflict led to significant events, including the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649 and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. The wars ultimately resulted in the temporary abolition of the monarchy and significant changes in the structure of English government.