"Schrems I" refers to a landmark legal case involving Max Schrems, an Austrian privacy activist. In 2015, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled that the Safe Harbor agreement, which allowed for the transfer of personal data from the European Union to the United States, was invalid. The court found that U.S. laws did not provide adequate protection for EU citizens' data privacy. The case arose after Schrems challenged the data practices of Facebook, claiming that U.S. surveillance laws compromised the privacy rights of EU users. The ruling emphasized the importance of strong data protection standards and led to the establishment of the Privacy Shield framework, which also faced scrutiny later.