"Schrems II" refers to a landmark ruling by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in July 2020. The case arose from a challenge by privacy activist Max Schrems against the validity of the Privacy Shield framework, which allowed for the transfer of personal data from the European Union to the United States. The court found that the framework did not provide adequate protection for EU citizens' data, particularly concerning U.S. surveillance practices. As a result of the ruling, the ECJ invalidated the Privacy Shield, emphasizing the need for stronger safeguards to protect personal data. This decision has significant implications for businesses and organizations that rely on transatlantic data transfers, prompting them to seek alternative legal mechanisms to ensure compliance with EU data protection laws.