Sand proppants are small, granular materials used in the oil and gas industry during the hydraulic fracturing process, commonly known as fracking. Their primary purpose is to keep fractures in underground rock formations open, allowing oil and gas to flow more freely to the surface. These proppants are typically made from high-quality silica sand, which is durable and resistant to crushing under pressure. The use of sand proppants helps enhance the efficiency of extraction operations, making it easier to access valuable resources trapped in deep geological formations.