Samkhya is one of the six classical schools of Indian philosophy, primarily focused on understanding the nature of reality and the self. It posits that the universe is composed of two fundamental principles: Purusha, the conscious self, and Prakriti, the material world. This dualism helps explain the relationship between consciousness and matter. The philosophy of Samkhya emphasizes knowledge and discernment as pathways to liberation. It outlines a systematic approach to understanding the mind, emotions, and the process of evolution in both the individual and the cosmos. This framework has influenced various spiritual practices, including Yoga and Ayurveda.