The Sabaean Civilization thrived in ancient Yemen from around the 10th century BCE to the 6th century CE. Known for its advanced irrigation systems, the Sabaeans cultivated crops like frankincense and myrrh, which were highly valued in trade. Their capital, Ma'rib, featured impressive architecture, including the famous Ma'rib Dam, which supported agriculture and urban life. The Sabaeans practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping deities such as Almaqah and Athtar. They developed a unique script, known as the Sabaean script, for writing their language. The civilization played a crucial role in regional trade, connecting the Arabian Peninsula with East Africa and the Mediterranean.