The "Rump Parliament" refers to the English Parliament that remained after the Long Parliament was purged in 1648. This event occurred during the English Civil War, when the army, led by Oliver Cromwell, removed members who were not aligned with their goals. The remaining members, primarily from the House of Commons, continued to govern England. The Rump Parliament is notable for its role in the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649, marking a significant moment in British history. It also attempted to establish a republican government, leading to the period known as the Commonwealth of England.