The Long Parliament was a session of the English Parliament that lasted from 1640 to 1660. It was called by King Charles I in response to financial difficulties and conflicts with Scotland. The Long Parliament played a crucial role in the lead-up to the English Civil War, as it sought to limit the king's powers and address grievances against his rule. During its tenure, the Long Parliament enacted significant reforms, including the abolition of certain royal prerogatives and the execution of Charles I in 1649. The period was marked by intense political struggle, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell.