Roughness measurement is a technique used to assess the texture of a surface. It quantifies the small, irregular deviations from a perfectly flat surface, which can affect how materials interact with each other. Common methods for measuring roughness include using a profilometer, which scans the surface and records its variations. The results of roughness measurements are often expressed in terms of parameters like Ra (average roughness) and Rz (average maximum height of the profile). These parameters help engineers and manufacturers ensure that surfaces meet specific standards for applications such as machining, coating, and adhesion.